Knowledge Update

Artificial intelligence is working its way into the fast-changing computer architecture field. This is most noticeable at the large, overall level in data centres and at the small, individual level in the chips that make up hardware. Central processing units have not only been falling out of Favor but also are being used in combination with a rising multitude of new types of chips.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that helps in analysing and solving biological problems by integrating theories and practices from computer science, mathematics, and statistics to interpret biological data. It plays a major role in managing data in in modern biology and medicine. Bioinformatics provides the tools, databases, and computational methods to store, analyse, and make sense of that data. Modern biological experiments use high-throughput technologies generate enormous biological datasets that require big data tools for analysis.

Activities of Supply Chain Management have changed rapidly in the recent past due to the emergence of AI and digital technologies. Many processes in supply chain became automatic, relatively more accurate and fast.

Customer satisfaction is pivotal for any type of businesses. Rapid technological developments, changing market conditions and consumer behaviour etc., driving the marketers to act swiftly to meet the customer expectations and to retain the customer.

In a time of uncertainty, quick technology advancements, and increased stress, taking care of one's personal welfare has become crucial. People's general welfare is greatly influenced by the way they view and react to life, even when external factors are frequently out of their control. It is not necessary to embrace blind optimism or reject difficulties to cultivate a positive outlook.

Large Language Models (LLMs) — e.g., GPT‑3, GPT‑4, LLaMA, etc. — are transforming many domains. In education, they offer opportunities to personalize learning, provide feedback, automate assessment, generate educational content, and support teachers. However, adoption also involves ethical, technical, and pedagogical challenges. This article reviews the applications, benefits, limitations, and future directions of LLMs in education.

Abstract Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have gained significant attention in nanomedicine due to their tunable size, stability, and biocompatibility. Among the many factors influencing their performance in drug delivery, particle size is one of the most critical, as it affects biodistribution, cellular uptake, and therapeutic efficiency. This article reviews the key synthesis parameters that govern nanoparticle size, including precursor concentration, catalyst type, solvent composition, temperature, and reaction time.

At Horizon University College, we understand that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming higher education, redefining how students acquire knowledge, develop skills, and engage with academic content. For our HRM Major, integration of AI tools offers both opportunities and challenges (Jay, 2025).

Robotics has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century, redefining how we live, work, and interact with our environment. From healthcare and education to industry and personal life, robotics has become an indispensable part of modern society. This article explores the significant role robotics plays in our lives, highlighting its applications, benefits, and challenges.

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) are emerging as a critical technology for applications such as oceanographic monitoring, offshore oilfield exploration, disaster prevention, and military surveillance. These networks, made up of sensor nodes deployed below the surface to collect and transmit data, offer transformative capabilities.